A slight swelling may remain on the outer surface of the bone, but quite often, that region undergoes remodeling ( d), and no external evidence of the fracture remains. Everyone who experiences a fractured bone will heal differently. broken bone to directly repair the fracture with. Some require surgery or metal plates, while others may only need a brace. At the point where force exceeds the structural integrity of the bone, a complete fracture occurs. Rang 1 describes a continuum of fractures that occur with increasing longitudinal force applied along the length of the bone. Compare healthy bone with different types of fractures: (a) closed fracture, (b) open fracture, (c) transverse fracture, (d) spiral fracture, (e) comminuted. The cartilage in the calli is replaced by trabecular bone via endochondral ossification ( c).Įventually, the internal and external calli unite, compact bone replaces spongy bone at the outer margins of the fracture, and healing is complete. Fractures can be nondisplaced (a crack in the bone), spiral, segmented, or comminuted (multiple pieces). Incomplete fractures are a heterogeneous group of fractures that predominantly occur in the long bones of pediatric patients. Over the next several weeks, osteoclasts resorb the dead bone osteogenic cells become active, divide, and differentiate into osteoblasts. Within about 48 hours after the fracture, chondrocytes from the endosteum have created an internal callus (plural = calli) by secreting a fibrocartilaginous matrix between the two ends of the broken bone, while the periosteal chondrocytes and osteoblasts create an external callus of hyaline cartilage and bone, respectively, around the outside of the break ( b). The bone is broken, but the skin is intact. Or a deep wound exposes the bone through the skin. When a fracture happens, it’s classified as either open or closed: Open fracture (compound fracture): The bone pokes through the skin and can be seen. A comminuted fracture is a severe broken bone injury where a bone is broken. (c) Cartilage of the calli is replaced by trabecular bone. A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. An open fracture is where the fractured bone protrudes (sticks out) from the skin. A fracture reduction can either be done as a closed reduction (nonsurgical) or an open reduction (surgery). If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. comminuted: a fracture in more than two bits. spiral: a fracture that looks like a spiral staircase. oblique: a fracture oriented obliquely across the bone. transverse: a fracture perpendicular to the axis of the bone. almost all fractures in adults are complete. The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. A procedure called a fracture reduction, or reducing a fracture, is an intervention to better align the broken bones. A fracture is a break, usually in a bone. the fracture extends right the way across the bone.
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